Sensory Symphony in Architectural Spaces

Written By Viola Behringer

Welcome to "Sensory Symphony in Architectural Spaces," an exploration of synesthesia's influence on architectural design. In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of synesthesia and its interconnectedness with sensory processing disorders (SPDs), revealing design strategies that embrace synesthetic experiences while accommodating the sensory needs of individuals with SPDs. Join us as we uncover the mysteries of perception, celebrate the richness of human senses, and unlock the potential of design to create inclusive and inspiring architectural spaces.

Visual representation of synesthesia - Image made with Stable Diffusion

Understanding Synesthesia

What is Synesthesia?

Synesthesia is a captivating phenomenon that has captured the interest of scientists and artists alike. In the brain, information from our different senses is processed in specialized regions. However, in individuals with synesthesia, there is an intriguing cross-activation or communication between these sensory areas.

The exact mechanisms behind synesthesia are still being explored, but researchers believe that it arises from atypical connections and interactions within the brain. This means that when sensory information is processed, there may be a blending or merging of signals between different sensory systems.

For example, when a synesthete sees the colour red, it may automatically trigger the experience of hearing a specific musical tone or perceiving a particular taste. These cross-sensory associations occur spontaneously and consistently for individuals with synesthesia, creating a unique and intertwined perceptual experience.

Synesthesia is highly subjective and varies between individuals. While some may have vivid and intense synesthetic experiences, others may experience milder associations. It is important to note that synesthesia is not a disorder or illness, but rather a different way in which the brain processes and perceives the world.

By studying synesthesia, scientists aim to unravel the complexities of perception and gain insights into how the brain integrates and interprets sensory information. These investigations provide a window into the extraordinary plasticity and interconnectedness of our neural networks, highlighting the remarkable diversity of human experiences.

Example of color–graphemic synesthesia, where letters and numbers are coloured

Exploring Synesthesia in the Context of Architecture

By exploring synesthesia within the context of architecture, designers can tap into the inherent potential of sensory integration. Architecture becomes a medium through which the senses harmonize and collaborate, offering individuals a truly multi-dimensional experience that transcends the traditional boundaries of perception. This approach expands the scope of architectural design, moving beyond purely visual aesthetics and considering the holistic experience of space.

In practice, this can manifest in various ways. For private clients, architects have the opportunity to leverage these techniques to create truly exceptional experiences. For instance, they can carefully select a colour palette in a space to elicit a desired emotional response or evoke auditory sensations. The thoughtful choice of materials with distinct textures can offer tactile experiences that beautifully complement the visual aesthetics of a building. Architectural forms and spatial arrangements can be intentionally designed to trigger subtle gustatory or olfactory perceptions, further blurring the boundaries between different senses. These deliberate design choices have the potential to create unique and memorable experiences for those who interact with the architecture, tailoring them to the specific preferences and desires of the clients.

In the context of public buildings, architects face the challenge of creating spaces that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of a broad audience. While the deliberate use of sensory design techniques can create powerful experiences, it is important to approach it with sensitivity. Public buildings should strive to provide inclusive and comfortable environments that accommodate different sensory sensitivities. Architects should focus on elements such as natural lighting, acoustics, and universal design principles to enhance the overall experience for everyone. More on this later.

Sensory Processing Disorders (SPDs)

Understanding Sensory Processing Disorders

Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) are conditions that affect how individuals process and respond to sensory information from the environment. Our sensory system constantly receives input from the world around us, including sights, sounds, textures, smells, and tastes. This information is then organized, interpreted, and integrated by our brain, allowing us to navigate and interact with our surroundings effectively.

For example, when we hold an object, sensory integration helps us perceive its shape, texture, and weight. It allows us to recognize familiar smells, hear sounds clearly, and coordinate our movements. Our brains seamlessly integrate all these sensory inputs, allowing us to navigate our surroundings, interact with others, and respond appropriately to different situations.

In individuals with SPDs, the process of sensory integration and modulation may be disrupted or atypical. This means that their brains may have difficulty properly organizing and responding to sensory input. As a result, individuals with SPDs may experience differences in sensory perception and sensitivity compared to the general population.

Some individuals with SPDs may have heightened sensitivity, known as hypersensitivity or sensory over-responsivity, to certain sensory stimuli. For example, everyday sounds that others may perceive as background noise can be overwhelming or distressing for them. They may also be more sensitive to tactile sensations or find certain tastes or smells overpowering. These heightened sensitivities can lead to discomfort, anxiety, or avoidance of sensory experiences.

On the other hand, some individuals with SPDs may have decreased sensitivity, known as hyposensitivity or sensory under-responsivity, to sensory stimuli. They may require more intense or prolonged sensory input to register and respond to stimuli. For instance, they may seek out excessive movement or pressure to feel sensory input adequately.

It's important to understand that SPDs exist on a spectrum, and the way they manifest can vary greatly among individuals. Some may struggle with specific sensory domains, while others may experience difficulties across multiple sensory channels. Additionally, the impact of SPDs can vary in different environments and situations. What may be challenging in one context may be manageable in another.

Sensory Processing Disorders and Architecture

Recognizing and understanding SPDs is vital for creating supportive environments and promoting well-being for individuals who experience sensory processing differences. By considering the specific needs and challenges faced by individuals with SPDs, architects can create environments that support sensory integration and promote overall well-being.

Sensory integration is a key concept in designing for individuals with SPDs. It involves creating environments that facilitate the organization and processing of sensory input, helping individuals effectively navigate and respond to sensory stimuli. Architects can incorporate design choices that contribute to sensory integration, such as providing clear sightlines to reduce visual overwhelm, controlling acoustics to minimize auditory sensitivity, and incorporating elements that promote sensory regulation.

The principles of sensory-friendly design become paramount when designing for individuals with SPDs. These principles emphasize creating spaces that are accessible, comfortable, and inclusive for people with diverse sensory profiles. By adopting universal design concepts, architects can ensure that their designs are considerate of individuals with sensory sensitivities, enabling them to navigate and interact with the built environment more easily. This involves thoughtful consideration of factors such as lighting, colour choices, texture selection, and the arrangement of furniture and spatial elements.

Sensory-friendly room at Gatwick Airport, UK

Sensory-friendly room at Gatwick Airport, UK

Architects can explore the creation of sensory-specific spaces within larger architectural compositions. These spaces, such as sensory rooms or quiet zones, offer individuals with SPDs a dedicated area to regulate their sensory experiences or seek respite from overwhelming stimuli. These spaces can be designed to incorporate elements that promote relaxation, sensory exploration, or provide opportunities for sensory modulation.

In a similar vein, many large buildings already recognize the importance of providing prayer or contemplation rooms, acknowledging the diverse needs of individuals. Taking a step further, it is a small yet impactful endeavour to include specifically designed spaces for people with SPDs. By doing so, architects demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity and create environments that support the well-being and comfort of all individuals.

Designing for flexibility and adaptability is also important when considering individuals with SPDs. Sensory needs and sensitivities can vary among individuals and even within the same individual across different contexts or periods of time. Architects can create environments that can be adjusted or modified to accommodate different sensory preferences and sensitivities. This flexibility allows individuals to have greater control over their sensory experiences within the architectural space.

Synesthesia, SPDs, and Architectural Design

Overlapping Considerations

When exploring the intersection of synesthesia and sensory processing disorders in architectural design, we discover overlapping considerations that architects can leverage to create inclusive and supportive environments for individuals with diverse sensory needs.

Synesthesia provides a unique perspective on the relationship between sensory perception and the built environment. It highlights how different senses can intertwine and influence one another, resulting in a rich and multisensory experience. Individuals with synesthesia may experience a blending of sensory perceptions, where stimuli in one sensory domain can evoke sensations in another. For example, they may associate colours with specific sounds or shapes with tactile sensations.

On the other hand, individuals with sensory processing disorders (SPDs) face challenges in processing and responding to sensory stimuli in their environment. They may experience heightened sensitivity (hypersensitivity) or decreased sensitivity (hyposensitivity) to various sensory inputs. The built environment can significantly impact their sensory experiences, either by exacerbating their sensitivities or providing opportunities for sensory regulation.

Recognizing the overlapping considerations between synesthesia and SPDs in architectural design opens up exciting possibilities for creating inclusive spaces. Architects can intentionally incorporate elements that evoke cross-sensory associations, providing a stimulating and immersive experience for individuals with synesthesia while also considering the specific sensory needs and sensitivities of individuals with SPDs. By designing spaces that cater to diverse sensory profiles, architects can foster a greater sense of accessibility, comfort, and inclusivity within the built environment.

Design Strategies

To create inclusive environments for individuals with synesthesia and sensory processing disorders, architects can adopt specific design strategies that promote sensory well-being, comfort, and inclusivity. Let's explore some of these strategies in detail:

Calming Elements: Incorporating calming elements into the design can help create a sense of tranquillity and reduce sensory overload. Natural materials, such as wood and stone, can provide a tactile and grounding experience. Soft textures, such as plush fabrics or carpets, can add a gentle touch and contribute to a soothing ambiance. Additionally, using a muted colour palette with calming hues can help create a serene environment that is more accommodating for individuals with heightened sensory sensitivities.

Thoughtful Lighting and Acoustics: Lighting and acoustics play crucial roles in sensory-friendly design. Architects can consider adjustable lighting systems that allow individuals to control the intensity and colour temperature of the lighting. This accommodates those who are sensitive to bright or flickering lights. Incorporating natural light sources and diffusing artificial lighting can create a more even and comfortable illumination. When it comes to acoustics, using sound-absorbing materials, such as acoustic panels or fabrics, can help reduce echoing and reverberation in spaces. Strategic soundproofing can minimize external noise intrusion, providing a quieter and more acoustically comfortable environment for individuals with SPDs.

Inclusive Spatial Design Principles: Designing with inclusive spatial principles in mind ensures that the built environment caters to diverse sensory needs. Clear circulation paths and unobstructed sightlines enhance wayfinding and reduce visual clutter, creating a more comprehensible space for individuals with sensory differences. Intuitive wayfinding systems, such as clear signage and consistent visual cues, can improve navigation and reduce sensory confusion. Architects can also consider incorporating visual landmarks or distinct architectural features to help individuals with synesthesia or SPDs orient themselves within the space more easily.

Sensory-Friendly Spaces: Designating specific areas within the built environment as sensory-friendly spaces can provide individuals with synesthesia and SPDs with opportunities for sensory regulation and retreat. These spaces can be designed with adjustable sensory stimulation in mind. For example, dimmable lighting, adjustable sound levels, or the incorporation of interactive elements that cater to different sensory preferences. Comfortable seating options, such as cozy nooks or flexible seating arrangements, can offer individuals a retreat where they can regulate their sensory experiences. Using materials with varying textures, such as smooth, rough, or textured surfaces, can provide tactile stimulation and accommodate different sensory preferences.

By implementing these design strategies and best practices, architects can create environments that are inclusive, supportive, and considerate of the unique sensory experiences of individuals with synesthesia and SPDs. These spaces have the potential to enhance well-being, reduce anxiety, and promote a sense of belonging for all users, fostering an inclusive built environment where individuals with diverse sensory profiles can thrive. In turn, these inclusive environments facilitate the integration and participation of individuals with synesthesia and SPDs in various aspects of society, including educational settings, workplaces, public spaces, and social interactions. By providing supportive environments that accommodate different sensory needs, we promote equal access and opportunities for individuals to fully engage, contribute, and lead fulfilling lives, thus strengthening our collective social fabric.

As we conclude our exploration of synesthesia, sensory processing disorders, and architectural design, we find ourselves at the intersection of imagination and possibility. The unique interplay of our senses, experienced by both synesthetes and individuals with SPDs, inspires architects and designers to create transformative environments. By understanding the science and diversity behind synesthetic experiences and recognizing the needs of those with SPDs, architects can embark on a journey to craft inclusive spaces that engage, soothe, and celebrate the remarkable complexity of human perception. With an adventurous spirit and boundless imagination, let us embark on an exhilarating path, shaping architectural masterpieces that dance in harmony with our senses. As we blend artistry and functionality, our creations will leave an indelible mark on all who step within, evoking awe, inspiration, and a sense of wonder that lingers long after they depart.

Examples of Museums with special sensory programmes:

The Children's Museum of Pittsburgh, USA: The museum offers sensory-friendly programs and exhibits designed to accommodate children with SPDs. They provide sensory maps, designated quiet spaces, and modified exhibits to create a welcoming environment for visitors with diverse sensory needs.

The Explore & More Children's Museum, USA: Located in Buffalo, New York, this museum features inclusive design elements to support children with SPDs. They offer sensory-friendly spaces, adaptive equipment, and specialized programming to ensure an accessible and enjoyable experience for all children.

The Science Museum, London, UK: The Science Museum in London has organized sensory-friendly events and exhibitions. They provide relaxed and quieter sessions, pre-visit guides, and sensory resources to accommodate visitors with sensory sensitivities.

Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, Paris, France: This science museum in Paris occasionally organizes sensory-friendly sessions for individuals with sensory sensitivities. They create a supportive environment by adjusting lighting and sound levels and offering specific resources for visitors with SPDs.

The Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, Netherlands: This contemporary art museum aims to be accessible to everyone, including those with visual or hearing impairments. They offer outreach programs for those unable to visit the museum in person. The program emphasizes the use of all senses to engage with the artworks, benefiting not only those with special needs but also enhancing the museum experience for all visitors in a unique way.

Further reading & sources:

Viola Behringer https://www.studiobehringer.com
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